Give Examples of social injustice

We see the social unfairness against women in the fable Parvana and Newspaper article Mukhtar Fought Back. In the novel Parvana we were shown social seediness where eleven year old girl Parvana had to masquerade as a boy to gain access to the outside world. For much of the story her mother is imprisoned leaving only her mother, older sister and two real young siblings. Most of the country is ruled by the Taliban and Taliban laws require women to turn to themselves & ban girls from attending school or going out unescorted. She has rarely been outside but Parvanas disguise provides her a measure of freedom and the center to support her family.I believe that humans, female or male induct desire to learn but discover that the laws are so socially restricting for females that they must resort to disguise and further risks. This is injustice not only to females but humankind. I hypothecate since the Taliban were corrupted in their beliefs they carried these laws on women. As in that respect were misbelieves at higher level, hatful under them fol down coteried the alley of injustice for e. g. some soldiers queer women who didnt cover themselves including their face. This in like manner shows why parents in third world countries desire to agree a male tyke because the boys provide more freedom and measures to families.Another example of social injustice against women is shown in the Newspaper article Mukhtar Fought Back. Mukhtar Mai was gang botchd for an criminal offence supposedly castted by her twelve years old chum Shakur. Mukhtar and her family are from the low Gujar association and are expected to be implemental to the Mastoi. Therefore men of dominant caste Mastoi had the decision making advocator and resolved that to appease the honour of their caste she must be raped in revenge for what they claimed was the rape of one of their women by Shakur.This shows that today there are societies that are based on the unfair system of caste and the justice is given on the decision made by the stack of dominant caste. This also proves that the castes that are dominant have the right wing to address and to even make wrong decision over the people of low caste. In reality it was a made up attempt to obnubilate the fact that it was her brother who had been raped by men from the Mastoi caste. I mobilize the guilt felt by the Mastoi for raping the boy lead them to exert their caste power on the weak caste and thought she is uneducated and poor, consequently she will not able to take an action against them.Furthermore I believe they were over confident and they supposed if Mukhtar was raped she will also commit suicide as this is the custom. Often women were blamed even when they were the victims of rape but her sense of outrage and injustice made her refuse to commit suicide. I believe her story is not a victims story its the narrative of a survivor, and a fighter. I believe that the injustice she felt in spite of appearance is a universal feeling of injustice, humans from all levels of civilization have natural sense of common morals and so she knew this is not right in any country or culture.I believe that in most of the third world countries often women are prohibited to do the same things as men since men are dominant. I think social awakening has to be brought up by the educated people themselves. The politicians should spend time to educate people. It is not civilized to ostricise a rape victim. I believe that on going efforts in social rearing would reduce the crimes committed against women in the third world countries.

Describe the different forms of disguise and deception that feature in the Twelfth Night

Disguise and deception function signifi basisistert roles in Shakespe ars wild-eyed begetdy Twelfth Night. Shakespe ar places emphasis on these somewhat evilness (A2 S2 L26) traits to somehow create a traditional romantic comedy where disdain the negative ideas of screen and deceit summercater a prominent role, kip down blossoms and a happy block offing prevails.The tireless use of these ideas in varied forms and guises, which endure throughout the whole shrink from highlights the themes of kip down, madness and appearance versus populace where cover and deceit twain take credit for possessing a major responsibility in providing twists, turns and sense of humour in the main and sub- dapples. Orsino is the first feature introduced to the play. He is the Duke of Illyria and in that locationfore the most powerful source implemented into Shakespeares play. Upon his arrival to the story, he immediately secretes his ignorance of manage by speaking in poetics form t o deceive the reference and the book of positionss around him. If music be the food of rage, play on (A1 S1 L1) is promptly contrasted in line 7 Enough, no much Tis non so sweet as it was before. This contradiction implicates his ignorance of what enjoy is solidly about. His vocabulary and figurative language, two(prenominal) influenced by poetic barbarism does well to fool e very(prenominal) nonpareil that he is not what he go overms. People would see Orsino as a standardisedable shell that carries the aura that he can achieve anything he is a self-absorbed man who thinks very exceedingly of himself.What is the difference amongst a figurative and a literal coincidence?But this is obviously not the case as Orsino has been shown to be proficient like everyone else, up to now with his power in Illyria, Orsino has his flaws too. Feste similarly uses his language to disguise aspects of his character. However, contrasting the stance of Orsino, Feste shows his wit and well-grounded by smugly acting on oral communication and with the medium of music. An example of Festes clever play on terminology was du hedge the conversation he had with genus Viola who was at the time mask as Cesario send thee a beard (A3 S1 L45).Although everyone had been fooled by Viola in convincing them that the Cesario character is real, Feste (who is the fool) hints that he may k flat Cesarios certain identity. Feste himself does not describe himself as Olivias fool scarce her corruptor of words (A3 S1 L37). Indeed it can be viewed that he is solitary(prenominal) paid to be the fool, to act like a madman with wit and in actual circumstance he is the most sane character and in revealigent in the play. He shows his intelligent by irrelevantly expressing his words in an different language, cucus, non facit monachum (A1 S5 L53).Feste is the only character wrapped up in completely the p dowrys yet keeps an outside perspective of each by showing no emotion in his t ongue or actions. But in light of this, his emotions are brought to the surface when he entertains people with his music. The realization that Feste is has the most hunch overledge of love, or what real love is, begin to seep through as he sings. What is love? Tis not hereafter, Present mirth hath present laughter (A2 S3 L48). Unlike Orsino who believes that everything will pass away out okay when you fall in love, Feste believes that the future is always indistinct Whats to come is still unsure (A2 S3 L50).He alike concretes his perspective that love should not wait as we will not be early forever Youths a stuff will not endure (A2 S3 L53). Although his character does not show emotions whilst playing his role in each plot his music, which varies from melancholy ballads to contemplative, express that there is much more(prenominal) to Feste than meets the eye. Festes past is shrouded in mystery, and elements of his past still live in his music. And well strive to please you no rmal (A5 S1 L 407) ends the play. Regardless of his past that he disguises through music, Feste feels that his duty now is to make people laugh.He expresses with this idea that our duty in biography is to be happy and to make others happy, something he harassed Olivia about in Act1 as she mourned her brothers decease. Despite many features of Festes character that show his has much more depth than what we are led to believe he also uses disguise and deceit to concrete his role as a fool, a goose who raises humor and entertainment for the audition. Sir Topas the curate, who comes to visit Malvolio the lunatic (A4 S2 L22). Upon occupying of Sir toby and marias gulling of Malvolio, Feste decides to marriage in the fun.He does this by pretending to be someone else when tour Malvolio, to further his torture and suffering. Malvolio and Festes turbulent past had been briefly documented when in Act 1 Malvolio says I marvel your ladyship takes delight in much(prenominal) a barren ra scal (A1 S5 L81). Its interesting to take into account that Feste is divinatory to be the fool of the play, only if he doesnt setup the humorous gulling of Malvolio and fails to countenance the entertainment and humor Sir Toby Belch and Sir Andrew Aguecheek bring to the play.Instead Feste takes office of the humor only with revenge on his mind and not to provide humor, and relies only on quick plays on words to supply humor. This could be Feste disguising that he is not comfortable with his role in life as the fool. Violas role in the play is purely based on the ideas of disguise and deceit. She initially deceives everyone by disguising herself as a man, Cesario, in order to allot Orsino, For such(prenominal) disguise as haply shall become The form of my role (A1 S3 L54).In doing so she deceives everyone else in the play, with the exception of Feste, and as a ending causes confusion among and between the characters and mayhem in the overall play. As a contribute of her disgu ise, Olivia and her brother Seabastian, get married as she thought that Sebastian was Cesario, would thoudst be ruld by me (A4 S2 L63). Thats an example of confusion resulting from Violas disguise. Mayhem is caused when the jealous Sir Andrew Aguecheek attacks the tough and ball-hawking Sebastian, assuming he was the soft and timid Cesario.As a result of this attack, Sebastian beats down Sir Andrew Aguecheek and causes mayhem and tension between characters like Olivia and Sir Toby Belch, Where manners neer were preachd Out of my sight (A4 S1 48). These are just deuce examples of confusion and mayhem instigated by Violas disguise. Other examples include the conversation between Sebastian and Feste, when the latter thought Sebastian was Cesario, ungrid thy strangeness (A4 S1 L15) and when Antonio thought he was plump forstabbed by Sebastian, but was in earth talking to a clues Viola, Thou hast, Sebastian, done honest feature shame (A3 S4 L375).The many outcomes of Violas disgui se bring entertainment and humor to the hearing to add comedy to the romance. In disguising herself as Cesario, Viola falls in love with Orsino to bring the romance aspect to the play, Whooer I woo, myself would be his wife (A1 S5 L42). This deceit also intertwines humor and romance, with Olivia falling in love with Cesario causing the humor, and the unspoken love from Viola to Orsino bringing out the romance. Viola is like Feste in the sense that they twain play on words both doing so as a way of showing that there is more to them than what meets the eye.She almost cries out to Orsino by telling giving hints as to her true identity, I am all the daughters of my fathers house, And all the brothers too (A2 S5 L121), a good deal speaking in riddle. She also has an encounter with Feste where she counters his play on words that he may know her identity by saying, I am sick for once, Aside thought I would not nurture it grow on my chin (A3 S1 L47). In countering in a war of wits, sh e riddles to Feste that she is in fact a adult female. Violas brother Sebastian also manages to take hold a role in the deceit over his short period of time in the play.His only relationship that occurs throughout the play is with Antonio, the man who saved his life. There are suggestions that Antonio has repressed homosexual feelings for Sebastian that he disguises by pretending to only be his close friend, If you will not murder me for your love, let me be your servant (A2 S1 L34). Sebastian himself lives firearm of the play in deceit by pretending to know what is going on when he enters the plot when he has no idea. He asks Are all the people mad? (A4 S1 L26).Nevertheless, even though he believes everyone to be mad, he plays along with Olivia who believes he is Cesario, and living in this dream, Sabastian marries her. This serves of the single-valued function of enhancing the romantic conclusion to the play. Olivia herself is in self-deceit. The plaint over her brothers de ath is very loosenesstic, but she just lives the idea of mourning as she feels that this would do the death of her brother justice. However, this mourning does not last long. Feste manages to entertain a mourning Olivia, much to Malvolios chagrin, I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal (A1 S5 L81).She attempts to disguise all this under a veil, but to no avail as her real personality shone through. Olivia as part of her mourning, prevised that no man would see her face till seven years fire up (A1 S1 L26). But regardless of this, falls in love with Cesario, Unless, perchance, you come to me again,To tell me how he takes it (A1 S5 L285). Olivia is disguising her flirtatious movements towards Cesario by pretending that she only wants her to come back to bear news of Orsinos reaction to her rejection.To further disguise her feelings, and deceive her promise and herself even more, she tells a blatant lie to Malvolio, he left this ring bottom of the inning him, (A1 S5 L305). Her deceit shows that an esteemed virtuous maid like herself also has flaws. It also provides a lot of humor for the audience, as a woman falling in love with another woman dressed as a man provides entertainment for the audience. I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal (A1 S5 L81). This quote has a lot of deceit attached to it. Malvolio is jealous that Feste can entertain Olivia even when she is mourning.This is because he has feelings for Olivia which is later exposed in the play, Tis but fortune, all is fortune (A2 S5 L23), this beingness his initial belief that Olivia loves him, even before reading the letter from maria. Malvolio disguises his true colours by being the unlikable Puritan character in the play. In fact, Malvolios true colours show him to be an arrogant, hypocrite who is even more unlikable than his initial Puritan personality. His arrogance provides humor for the audience as he thinks, that all that look on him love him (A2 S3 L151) and makes him looks stupid.He deceives everyone to believing that he is a Puritan character and deceives Olivia into thinking he is a nice person. However in actuality, Feste is the fool who in reality is the most intelligent and sane character of the play, after mocking Feste, we learn that Malvolio is the opposite. He acts as if he is the most intelligent and sane character of the play when hes really the fool of the play, the character who provides the most humor. He believes Olivia is playing along with his game, when he speaks to her at her level and with added sexual connotations, To bed? Ay, sweetheart, and Ill come to thee (A3 S4 L31).This provides the most humor, as he believes that they are disguising their love and deceiving all the other character when in reality, he is the only person being deceived. He looks like the fool, and the gulling of Malvolio in particular gives the audience added satisfaction because he is such an unlikable character. The mastermind behi nd the gulling of Malvolio has also disguised aspects of her personality. The others see Maria as jus the maid of Olivia, but as the play moves on we as an audience, and the characters of the play learn that Maria is cunning and more intelligent than what she lets everyone believe.She deceives everyone by masterminding the gulling of Malvolio. She also has self-deceit along with Sir Toby Belch as both have hidden feelings for each other, which they refuse to acknowledge. We know of this because by the end of the play, the two get married. Looking at their relationship throughout the play, Maria is the amaze figure who takes care and guides Sir Toby Belch, Ay, but you must limit yourself with the modest limits of order (A1 S3 L8). But we gain knowledge that she is not fulfilling the mother role, but more the role of a wife.Sir Toby Belch is also a scheming character within the play as he deceives Sir Andrew Aguecheek into challenging Cesario to a fight for his own personal entertai nment, as both Aguecheek and Cesario are seen as cowards thus Sir Tovy creating his own sub-plot. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is as a unmanageable coward of a knight. However Aguecheeks past is a mystery to the audience, and we have a sense that there is much more depth to Aguecheek than what meets the eye when he says, Someone loved me once too.This shows that Aguecheek has disguised himself to be a clumsy and immature man when in reality he has feelings too, and has a more sensitive side to his character. He also disguises himself to be a brave knight by challenging Cesario to a fight as he feels this would win Olivias heart. However, as seen through his letter, Aguecheek is a coward who couldnt hurt anyone. and deity have mercy on one of our souls He may have mercy on mine, (A3 S4 L167), Aguecheek provides humor by his supposedly threatening letter. The fact he ends this letter by calling Cesario Thu friend (A3 S4 L 169), shows him to be a nice but gullible man.He is gullible to Sir To bys operating instructions and the direction Sir Toby leads him into. The play as a whole is one big disguise. An improbable fiction (A3 S4 L127) is what Fabien describes the play to be. He acts as if the real life situation is like a play, and in essence makes it all a play within a play. The characters share dialogue that expresses what they are trying to say but also has a double meaning, which tells the audience that the play is not real life and is essentially just a play. You are now out of your text but we will get by the curtain and show you the picture (A1 S5 L235).This is an example of subtly letting the audience realize that they should not be fully wrapped up in the play as it is just a play. This idea coincides with what Olivia is saying in the context of the play as she is letting Viola see her face. The play contains a number of little subtexts to regularly remind the audience that the play is fictional. All these subtexts are disguised within the context in which th e character is talking about. There is obviously an inextricable link between both the ideas of deceit and disguise, as when one of the ideas is created, the other promptly follows as is seen in throughout the play.Twelfth Night is situated in the genre of romantic comedy, and both of which have been built upon from the foundations disguise and deceit have created. The two roles define what the play is all about because of the wickedness (A2 S2 L26) behind disguise and deceit, the outcome is both the themes of romance and comedy, which is what the play effectively revolves around. Shakespeare uses both ideas as the foundation to create the whole of the story, emphasizing both the drama and comedy involved.

Jewish Feminism

Judaic womens lib has had a monumental impact on the development and convention of Judaism. They have faced some obstacles and brought about much change in the Judaic tradition. Jewish feminism is a movement that seeks to improve the unearthly, healthy and social role and contribution of women at bottom Judaism. Feminism can be traced back to the early 1970s where women began to question their roles amongst society. For Jewish women, they wanted to concentrate on the composition of the minyan, the exemption from some mitzvot, exclusion of women as witnesses of Jewish law and the position of women in relation to divorce proceedings.Each soma has responded differently to feminism and the level of impact as differed amongst remedy, Conservative and Orthodox Jews. Judaism is known for being more patriarchal than m whatsoever other nonionised religions. This has made it difficult for Jewish feminists to work about equity and tzedakah. Jewish feminists have one main agenda an d that is to challenge and fight sexism at bottom Judaism. They see their work as part of their duty to tikkun olam and believe their actions bring tzedakah to their faith community.Jewish feminism created much controversy as many men thought that it would have a weakening effect on Jewish life, however many would argue that it has been strengthened. The Orthodox Jewish communities prime the impact of Jewish feminism to be a significant sales outlet for their rendition of the halakah and how their religion is to be expressed. They seeked change in a elan that can be defended by Jewish law and always worked within the framework of traditional worship. However, amongst the Reform and Conservative Jews, their attitudes have been much greater.Reform Jews have accepted that a woman can action any religious ritual that a man does. They were the root group to do away with the mehiztah, that disordered men from woman in the tabernacle, they felt the tradition and practices should b e more in keeping with modern society. This had a significant impact as it led to the change in gain and synagogue, and the service was rewritten in English from Hebrew. Jewish Feminism called upon all variants of Judaism to reconsider its result to the mitzvot and other elements of the halakah.Jewish feminists challenged Judaism in areas such as the patriarchal interpretation of sacred texts, role of women in rituals, role of women in leadership eg Rabbi and the superior general rights of women. In 1972, ten New York Jewish feminists calling themselves Ezrat Nashim presented a put down, birdsong For Change, to the Conservative movements Rabbinical Assembly. This Call for Change demanded that women be considered to perform all mitzvot, allowed full participation in religious observances, be counted in the minyan, have equal rights in marriage and initiate divorce.Judaism was changed by this document in 1977 when Conservative Judaism introduced feminist rituals. Until the 1950s Jewish women traditionally took a back seat in communal worship. The synagogue was divided with a mehitzah as they felt that men could not concentrate and keep their thoughts stringently on prayer and their individual connection with God. Jewish feminisms impact on this issue was significant as they changed the physical direction of the mehitzah in the synagogue so women could see the front and yet the men were still separated from them.This change of the direction symbolises the change of views. Jewish feminism had a potent impact on the religious observances, laws and services. The role of women amongst society was changed in 1973 when the first female Rabbi, Sally Priesland, was ordained. There were many objections to the allowance of female Rabbis and many questions were raised such as their abilty to raise families and cope with the religious demands and if they were fit to interpret the Scriptures correctly.However, non feminists were able to see that these women brought i ntuitive perspectives that positively questioned the base of the Jewish beliefs. Therefore the extent of change in response to Jewish feminism varies across the differing expressions of Judaism. It has brought new and fresh perspectives to the nature of worship services. Women will keep up to demand and receive equality in both the secular and religious worlds. Jewish feminism has brought to each of the variants a closer relationship and a stronger response to the call tikkun olam.

To what extent can Lady Macbeth be seen as a female gothic protagonist at the start of the play?

At first meeting, skirt Macbeth appears to us as a ruth little predator, an liberate muliebrity driven by an all-consuming passion and disp dischargeing finishedly, the antithesis of charhood. She has, it seems, acquired all the needed requirements to withdraw the role of a distaff gothic protagonist. Whether or not she utilises these factors to the liberal extent and can really be called the protagonist will be discussed in further detail.Her character is not unveiled until Act I Scene V where, with the use of three speeches, she exposes the workings of her mind and lay it discover for the audience. Her second speech displays perfectly the idea of peeress Macbeth as a ruthless predator. She calls on the supernatural to unsex me here, And fill me from the gratuity to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty She asks them to Stop up the access and passage to self-reproach and to make thick her blood. Here she displays a womanhood incapable of any(prenominal) savorings of lov e or amity, but it is important to think of her before she makes this request. If it is necessary for her to ask for the remittal of her remorse, hence she must have had the ability to feel such feelings beforehand. We are given no background information on this woman and it is therefore difficult to say if she was always like this or whether it was Macbeths letter that changed her this appeal she makes is one of few discernments into her possible prospect as Lady Macbeth before the play.Her status as a woman who displays the antithesis of womanhood can merely be doubted, but Lady Macbeth would not have publicised these feelings. We write out this from her relation with Duncan who refers to her as our honoured hostess. The King of Scotland would hardly encourage a woman to act the way Lady Macbeth does on the audiences initial meeting with her. Indeed, Lady Macbeth is a woman changed entirely when in the presence of people of such high status. She appears to be a domesticated w oman, one happy to be at kinfolk while her husband goes out to war to serve as a loyal citizen. And yet, we know otherwise. In her second speech, she refers to her home as my battlements. This self-confidence of hers, this idea that she should own her home and not her husband would have been a farcical one.The most menacing speeches uttered by Lady Macbeth slip by not just when she summons iniquity, but when she does so with a lyric poem that refutes and distorts her maternal nature. In her second speech, she speaks to these spirits and asks that they come to my womans breasts, And take my take out for gall This line turns this universally natural frisk of womanhood into something dark and troubling. Adding to this, the suggestion of changing a mothers milk, what she feeds her children on, to poison, is a disgusting one. Further on in the play, Shakespeare manipulates this perversion of motherliness again when Lady Macbeth conveys a fantasy of infanticideI would, while it was blessed in my face, Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashd the brains outThis horrific homophile body is so against the searing love a mother feels for her child, that it is impossible for the ref to abide that Lady Macbeth fully comprehends firstly, what she is saying and secondly, that maternal love despite her front statement of I know how tender tis to love the babe that milks meHowever, Shakespeare has allowed the reader room for doubt. While we are authentic that Lady Macbeth is a woman depraved of all the typical qualities of a homemaker, we do see a potential insight into the Macbeths sexual relations and Lady Macbeths duty as a wife. Here, it appears she abides but it does become apparent that it is her who leads the way. Our insight into this idea is in her first speech where she talks of pouring my spirits in thine ear And chastising with the valiancy of my tongue. The suggestion here that Lady Macbeth can impress things on her husband through t he use of sex, would have been a ball over one. So while these sexual insinuations suggest the wife side of Lady Macbeth, the knowledge that she can manipulate him as such, is once again the perfect display of the antithesis of womanhood.The gothic impact of Lady Macbeths indiscretion has less to do with her demonic entreaties, but rather more so with the reversals of her female nature, which show how willing she is to contemplate and fulfil her ambition for power. While certain aspects of her speech allow the reader to imagine her, for a second, as a woman happy to live and serve as a repossess wife, her ability to twist and distort words and ideas disallow the audience to check out these super acidghts for long. This amalgamation of supernatural desires and her willingness to abandon her sex create, for the reader, a potent jam of evil and the perfect female, gothic protagonist.disparagingly of her husbands human kindness but she summons demonic powers with her invocation Com e, you spirits, / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty (1.5.38-41). She continues in similar vein Come to my womans breasts, / And take my milk for gall (1.5.45-46). Her communing with the forces of darkness is expressed in terms that seek to mangle the compunctious visitings of her female nature. Later, in one of the plays most lamentable images, Lady Macbeth expresses a fantasy of infanticideI have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me.I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gumsAnd dashed the brains outHowever, when it comes to her manipulation of Macbeth, she adopts the powerful weapon of sexual tauntingArt thou afeardTo be the homogeneous in thine own act and valourAs thou art in desire?When you durst do it, then you were a man.Lady Macbeths evil allows her at one and the same time to deny her maternal nature and to control her hus band by invoking her sexuality. It is this capacity todistort her female identity to gain her political ends that makes Lady Macbeth at once a potent force for evil and a transgressive figure of the female gothic.

McDonald’s Fast-Food Restaurants

McDonalds corporation is undoubtedly the largest fast diet drawstring in the world with its primary sales creation in cut fries, cheeseburgers, and breakfasts and soft drinks. In the recent judgment of convictions, McDonalds has introduced fruits, carrots sticks and salads to its menu. The company is currently in trading trading operations in 120 countries worldwide serving 54 million clients and employing oer 400,000 worldwide, a sharp contrast to 1940 when Mac & Dic McDonald started it.With such expansions, McDonalds is a lot associated with the globalization symbol and a spreader of the American ways. The company likewise has several restaurants such as capital of Massachusetts market, Piles cafes and has stakes in Pret a manger and has had stakes in Chipotle Mexican Grill and Donatos Pizza. The ambit usually offers counter and drive done services, McDrive popular on highways and curiosity cities. Some play facilities such as the McDonalds Play place and McDonalds play land with special attention to the different children age groups.The forevermore Young concept was introduced in 2006 in an attempt to redesign the restaurants. This include a change of its colors to warmer shades red and wimp and an addition of sage green and olive. The plan in like manner included the intention of more wood and brick, in place of plastic. The new look would similarly include several zones such as the flexible, grab and go lollygag all with specific music. (Wikipedia 2007). MacDonalds has been suggested to be the largest private establishment in the US with one of eight Americans having been a McDonalds employee at some(a) point of their life. It has also been said to be the single largest buyer of potatoes, pork, gro using up and apples. (Schlosser 2001). In Australia, over 66,000 people are employed in the 441 outlets (Goliath transmission line News 2005)The international expansion process of McDonald began in the late 1960, in Canada then later to Japa n, Germany, Australia, France and England in that tramp. There six countries rack in over 80% of the international sales income, warranting the title of The Big sise. In most cases, the expansion into international market was met with enthusiasm and make global headlines. In 1990, McDonalds entered Russia and was met by more than 30,000 people who braved a cold winter day. To date, the Russian crew serves over 50,000 people daily. In 1992, a 40,000-person crowd and a similar situation also transpired in Poland welcomed McDonalds to China.The international expansion led to the improvement of service lurch standards of those markets. For example, the 1975 entry of McDonald into East Asia led to the demand for high restroom hygiene standards in otherwise food establishments as McDonald had present to them. However, Kleins rule book No Logo has been in the forefront of the antiglobalization campaign, citing that globalization has led to the herd out of the smaller local players.K lein further says that the globalization process has been meliorate by the kinds of McDonalds through franchising and the operation of gas station mini-outlets. This forget to the creation of a synonymous air of McDonalds and hamburgers. McDonald like other Brand Bullies, phase out the local enterprises by offering the final prices, which they can afford cod to the bulk purchase of raw materials and the tangled sales (Klein 1999).The McLibel case of the early 1990s in which two Britons, Helen sword and David Morris were directly involved in a protest title whats wrong with McDonalds? lead to the emergence of a seven-year-old battle. When steel and Morris began the protest, McDonalds protested and used them for illegal defamation. The two-year-old trial that jibed put McDonalds in the spotlight, as the High Court of Justice in London scrutinized the companys advertising strategies. As expected, the press had a field day cover version the classic Goliath verses David battle. H owever, after an appeal to the high court by the Steel and Morris team, McDonald was awarded 40 000 instead of 60 000.The amount was lowered due to the fact that the court proved some of the allegations of Morris and Steel to be true. wholeness of the established claims was that McDonalds was exploiting children during its advertising. This was through the creation of lucrative cartoon characters and use of mascots, which lead to the association of these characters with McDonalds by the children.Children would nag and disturb their parents so as to go to McDonalds. McDonalds was also accused of being anti-union and was non sagacious on doing so because of he fact that it had several franchised units which were after hard-boiled as owned by individuals. McDonalds was also accused of being cruel to animals.Due to the several links made to McDonalds menu and obesity McDonaldss has cut off supersized meals from its menus and included healthier options such as salads and fruits. Two overweight girls case was brought up, with the girls claiming that their overweight states was as a issue of eating uniformly at McDonalds. The Supersize me documentary film of 2004 by Morgan Spurlock demonstrated how foods that was exclusively McDonalds contributed to the obesity problem.This film also demonstrated the psychological and physical well being status as being compromised. Spurlock consumed a total of 5000 calories each for the one-month experiment period. After this period, Spurlock gained a total of 11.1kg, a total 13% body mass increase. another(prenominal) than that, he became moody and lost interest in sex. This film was aery at the Sundance Film festival, leading to the removal of the supersized meals from its menu. The company also started putt nutritional information in small print.In 2002, McDonalds declared the reducing of trans red-hot cooking avoirdupois content by early 2003. However, when the fat was not changed McDonalds was used for not making the i nformation astir(predicate) its failure to change the oil public. This lead to a court order that demand McDonalds to spend $1.5million in the publishing of its notices on the trans fat initiative status. It also led to the donation of $7million to the Public Education on trans fat by the American Heart Association (Wikipedia 2007). In 2002, McDonalds was sued by vegetarian groups for misrepresenting of its French fries. This was because the French fries were fried in quetch tallow despite the fact that McDonalds had discontinued this practice in 1996. However, to date the French fries in circulation in the US contain beef flavoring.McDonalds has been in the forefront in making sure that it retains its market cope despite the tirades of criticism. The most fundaments policy is that McDonald has McDonald has gibed that quality standards of its food and beverages are not compromised. This has been coupled with an involvement with only the most reputable supplies with the same obje ctive. To ensure this is adhered to regular monitoring and testing of the ingredients is conducted while using only the must(prenominal) stringent of standards. It has been noted that several agencies of the government has many a time used the McDonalds standards as models of their regulatory procedures.McDonald has also deliberately support food rubber eraser procedures and systems that are entirely science based. The food precaution measures include microbiological control, high sanitation standards and effective pest control. The worldwide accept Hard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan as an effective preventive measure against food borne diseases. McDonalds is also in the forefront in ensuring that its suppliers adhere to the highest food safety standards such as temperature levels and a demonstration that all likely hazards have been addressed through point of control critical management (McDonalds Corporation, 2006). McDonald has made liaisons with case-by-case experts of the international scientific Advisory Council so as to be in the know about latest development in the beef and chicken industries.At the grassroots level, the restaurant, productive measures have been taken. Stuff are oriented and proficient on the expected standards of work from the first day of employment. There is also deliberate preparation of stuff for promotions making them motivated and committed to their work. forward a shift manager is entrusted with the management of an entire shift, they are ensure enrolled in an entire course on food safety and safety standards which included training from the stage of supply, delivery through to handling during preparation. These food safety processes are closely monitored by consultants specialized in operations of staff. The need for expert intervention of the training programs is identified through regular onsite evaluations.ReferenceGoliath Business News (2005). Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management.Klein, N. (199 9) No Logo. NY St. Martin PressMcDonalds Corporation (2006) Food Safety. Retrieved on October 23, 2007 from the World Wide sack on http//www.mcdonalds.com/corp/values/purchasing/food_safety.html.Schlosser, E., (2001). Fast Food Nation. Boston Houghton Mifflin Books.Wikipedia (2007). McDonalds. Retrieved on October 23, 2007 from the World Wide Web

Essay on Possible Development on Contemporary Arts Organization

Organizations all over the being ar not without conundrums and difficulties as they front change on a daily basis while trying to conserve their traditions and perfects intact. This is most(prenominal) accredited with organizations that focus on the traditional market/services while having to get together those services with modern innovations. When we say innovations these does not only pertain to indisput satisfactory technological tangible equipments simply it finish also mean new processes, means and counterbalance situations that can only be created by immediatelys advancing times.Because of this, it is imperative for organizations to abide some plan or dodge that would help them stay afloat without sacrificing what they regard as their manipulation. An manikin would be how the traditional art scene energize rapidly reduced in activity because of the more cool contemporary humanistic discipline or worse, because thither atomic number 18 other places people can go to deal malls and bars instead of being patrons of artistic ventures or exhibits.Going back, these so called problems that organizations face would be the tremendous growth in diversified clients, members and patrons that tends to create a heathenish prison-breaking between the members and even the leadership who be discussion the organizations. This is most true in many forms and types of organizations tho for specificities sake, this discussion get out focus on the contemporary art organizations that ply to very respective(a) tastes, attitudes and philosophies.Art, after all, can be regarded as a means of emancipation of expression and this is most especially true in todays art scene wherein freedom of expression is not only an option, it is a necessity. Because of the varied and eclectic people that compose the different art organizations nigh the world, problems arise on the context that in like manner much(prenominal) diversity can cause confusion among the members which is evidently caused by the wide heathenish feast not expert between mavin or two persons nevertheless even among everyone who ar part of said organization.This diversity and wide heathen gap is of course caused by how tremendous globalization has been that in one art scene or organization, people from different p arts of the state, roughhewnwealth and even the world would collate to form that single radical. Thus, it is essential that organizations keep in mind certain things if they want to survive much(prenominal) a fast-paced world and if they want to even expand in creation and improve in terms of their products, projects and provisions.Of the many discussions and articles that other people have written on different important aspects of organizations, there are some which are enlightening and which are sensible and yet people, mostly leaders and management teams, forget or altogether ignore such(prenominal) aspects. These aspects are mostly centred on the following lack of purpose of the organization, failure to flop pinpoint the cause of the problem and finally, need for effective strategies that would solve the problem.Lack of economic consumption of the Organization In the article of Wheatley (2008), she describes why terrorists themes are one of the finest examples of organizations in the world as they have a single unifying purpose in their agenda. This metaphor for the best organization is rather unusual and even uncomfortable as terrorists groups create horror around the world with their vendettas exclusively Wheatley (2008) does have a point when she says that they are among the most effective and effectual organizations in the world today.What she presents is an analysis on why terrorist networks have no means to formal power, advanced technology, large budgets, or cracking numbers of followers and yet, they manage to cause such a sacrosanct impact that they are changing the course of history (Wheatley, 2008). Thi s is where one of the most fundamental aspects of any organization should have is presented and it lies in the presence of an ideal or purpose that gives them a group identity which compels them to act (Wheatley, 2008).What Wheatley insists on is true, most especially if it is applied in contemporary arts organizations wherein much passion and ideals are present but sometimes misplaced or even divided. The problem with arts organizations all over is that they have too diversified output for their passions that there is no commonality or virtuoso among what they want, what they want done and what they would like to do in the future.Because terrorist groups have such commonality in their purpose, whatever action or project they undertake, it is closely always successful that the world is compelled to watch or prod on their projects. In the arts scene, passion for the art itself can be their common cause and identifying what do they want to achieve with their organization can commen ce their group more efficient and alert as what Wheatley (2008) wrote, As networks mature, they are fuelled more by passion than by information. Failure to Properly turn up the REAL Cause of the Problem The advice that Wheatley gave on how to have such a successful organization is to have a unified purpose from such diversified members of the group. This is tremendously connected to another possible means in which to have an efficient and effective organization and that is to allow in that a problem exists in the group and that the problem is most likely the persistence of mistake caused by pagan gap.According to Hofstede (2005), problems in art organizations usually arise from the particular that there is too much diversity among cultures and that management groups of the organization are remiss in admitting that that is indeed the problem Many leaders do not wish to acknowledge the possibility of a cross-cultural communion problem in international dealings. If negotiations go wrong they blame others orthemselves, never the culture gap. (Hofstede, 2005) The picture than Hofstede painted is common but not unsolvable.What leaders of such organizations should do is admit that that is the problem and that they should think up of strategies that would effectively solve those problemsbut that will be discussed later on the essay. With all these difficulties that diversity of culture presents, would it not be better to merely have a common art organizations among people who have the similar culture? This is not entirely the case for culture does not just mean belonging to the same ethnic background of certain group of people, the culture here encompasses a commonality among a certain group of people.Thus, the people who are into the arts have their own culture but then again, there is also a different culture that separates the opthalmic from the performance arts and even that of the traditional from the contemporary forms of art. This means that there i s a diversity of culture inside a culture within a culture. This scene is inevitable as how Halbreich (2001) puts it, Weve just crossed into a new century in which the rate and dimension of change promises to visitation all our powers of creation.This new century is the modern times these powers of invention are the possible ventures that we may undertake to support such cultural diversity. However, it is important to note that cultural diversity is not bad it is the cultural gap that it creates which is the unpleasant and unfortunate factor. Thus, how do we solve this cultural gap among members of organizations? This is discussed in how management groups should have effective strategies that address the problem and this strategy usually starts in something very simple admit that there is a problem. The Need for Effective Strategies That Would Solve the ProblemWhen Hofstede (2005) cl masterminded that leaders do not acknowledge the presence of cultural gap, Halbriech (2001) provid ed the answer to how to solve this We must adapt to set out a filter, through which some of these competing worldviews can be debated and new communities ratifyed. Organizations befitting a filter mean that it is through them that people would be able to identify where they would want to go and belong to (in terms of patronizing an arts organization) and then zeroing on those identified aspects that leaders would be able to establish a permanent community or organization for them.Thus, what leaders should do is recognize the needs (and sometimes, even wants) of the members, build around those needs and cater to them. For example, Ritzer et al. (2008), isolates a particular problem with the diverse culture in arts organizations wherein the problem is that local colour or culture fails to be reflected in the organization. This just means that they focus too much on a global standard without thinking that the organization should also reflect the reputation of the geographic locale s (Ritzer et al. , 2008).If what Ritzer et al. say is true, then it means that the needs and wants of the immediate members of the organizations are ignored which creates a gap or misunderstanding among the group. A slap-up example in trying to come up with strategies in solve gaps in arts organizations can be seen in the deterrent example of Halbreich (2001) We aim to magnify the ways in which visitorscan become more active participants in a series of memorable experiences based on discovering colligate between art and flavour, as well as among artistic disciplines. This illustration demonstrates how the art organization presented by Halbreich is very ideal in the sense datum that they manage to have a standard or purpose in mind (which is for the visitors to become participants in viewing the art) while thinking astir(predicate) the condition of the other end as well (by considering the real life situation of the audience) and linking the two together. ConclusionIn conclusio n, difficulties in arts organizations are inevitable since the members and patrons are varied and diverse in culture and attitude. Difficulties of such organizations are usually caused by cultural gaps in the group but they can be solved and remedied by admitting that there is a problem caused by the gap, and proving essential strategies that addresses the income tax return while maintain true to the ideals of the group.However, one cannot help but think that Wheatley is most correct in her suggestion of addressing the overall issue in arts organizationsdevelopment and growth of the group, maintain diversity in the organization, and staying on track with the ideals of the organizationwhich is having a firm passion in the purpose of the organization since everything else would naturally follow suit.ReferencesCummings, S. (2008). Strategy past, present and future. The keen-sighted Handbook of New Approaches in Management and Organization. SAGE Singapore. pp. 184-216Halbreich, K. (20 01). Inventing new models for the museum and its audiences. Curating straightaway Imaginative Practice/Public Responsibility. Philadelphia Exhibitions Initiative Philadelphia. pp. 67-79.Hofstede, G.J. (2005). A bridge requires a gap. Introduction to Business Communication. Peter Lang Publishing Group Frankfurt. pp. 163-170.Lustig, M.W. et al. (2005). Introduction to cultural patterns and intercultural communication. Introduction to Business Communication. Peter Lang Publishing Group Frankfurt. pp. 171-182.Ritzer, G. et al. (2008). Empty organizations. The wise Handbook of New Approaches in Management and Organization. SAGE Singapore. pp. 215-216.Wheatley, M. (2008). Learning intimately networks from terrorists. The Sage Handbook of New Approaches in Management and Organization. SAGE Singapore. pp. 178-179.

Criminalistics Week 11 Ind Homework Essay

This method is helpful because the searcher beetle is moving from an bea light with grounds to an area where more render is most likely to be found. Because the searcher may not be able to complete a consummate(a) spiral evidence could be missed. Wheel/ray search-employs several mess moving from the boundary straight toward the condense of the scene or from the center straight to the boundary. This is not preferred because areas between the rays are not searched. quadrant/zone search-involves dividing the scene into zones or quadrants and team members are assigned to individually section.This method is best suited for scenes that cover a large area. 2. What is the variation between a primary and a lowly scene? A primary scene is one at which the original incident occurred. The secondary scene is a localisation of function that became part of the crime scene by activities after the initial incident, such as using a political machine to transport a body. 3. List three met hods for crime scene recording. Notes, photography, and sketches. Notes-the notes should resume by identifying the person who contacted the investigator, the time of the contact, and all preliminary information enclosed, including the fact number.Photography-crime scene photographs can envision the layout of the scene, the position of evidence to be collected, and the relation of objects at the scene to one another. Photography is also important for documenting biological evidence in its original condition because this kind of evidence is altered during testing. Sketching-a sketch shows the layout of an indoor or outdoor crime scene and the family in space of all the items and features probatory to the investigation. It is important to illustrate the location of collected evidence.Sketching clarifies objects and features already described in notes or shown in photographs. 4. What are aperture and f-number? How does the aperture relate to the f-number and how does this affect the amount of light to which the film exposed? The aperture is the surface of the diaphragm enterprise through which light enters the camera. The f-number is the diameter of the lens opening for light to pass through the camera. One adjusts the aperture by setting the f-number, which is represent to the focal length divided by the aperture.Thus, the aperture and the f-number are inversely related. The cut down the f-number setting, the wider the aperture and the more light it allows in. 5. What is the depth of discipline? How does a cameras the f-number relate to a depth of field of the photographs it produces? The depth of field is the ladder of in the foreground and background of a photographic subject that are also relatively in focus. Landscape mode on a digital camera automatically selects higher f-stops to improve the depth of field when the background and foreground are important.The portrait mode selects lower f-stops to lessen the depth of field and make the subject stand out clear against a blurred background. 6. What should medium-range photographs taken at the crime scene show? What should appear in every medium-range photographs and why? Medium-range photographs should show the layout of smaller significant areas of the crime scene. The items that should appear in every medium-range photograph are evidence markers and they are to show the spatial relationship between and among pieces of evidence in greater detail than the overview photographs.

Addiction Does Not Discriminate Essay

dependency does non begin with a conscious conclusion to become an snitch. Because of the availability of painkillers, central nervous system depressants, and alcohol, every socio-economical conference is at risk. For many it is a slow progression from needing to wanting the do drugs of choice. Fortunately, there be give-and-take plans and therapy for those who suffer from this life changing disease. The uninspired view of a drug addict is the poor, dirty, economically challenged, bug-eyed, and intimately app bent of non-white ethnicity.However, Jeff Bishop reports from an interview with Pamela Shepard, coordinator of the Coweta County Adult Drug Court, Andrews 2 that the addicts they deal with be anything yet stereotypical. Shepard states that the community they deal with are non like those in the movies, they are moms, dads, college, students, nurses, t separatelyers and every other(a) profession. Then there are those who never stood a chance from the time they we re born. Shepard also says that drug and alcohol dependency and other dependences are pervasive, not just in certain parts of a town or among certain groups of people. Bishop) There are several prescription drug medications that are addictive, however, some of the more comm simply addictive and traverse are painkillers, CNS Depressants, and Alcohol. The National Institutes of Health estimates that in the United States close to 20 % of people over the age of 12 shake off used these prescription drugs or alcohol for non-medical purposes. (Prescription Drug Abuse). Prescription pain killers are mavin of the most commonly abused medicines (Drug Addiction-Prescription). many an(prenominal) patients are prescribed these medicines for check up on to severe pain.If taken exactly as prescribed, pain medicine flush toilet manage quite effectively. However, chronic use or abuse of opioids net result in physical dependence and addiction (Drug Addiction-Prescription). Pain killers lea n to be over prescribed by many doctors and the option of online pharmacies only adds to the problem. (Prescription Painkillers May Be Over Prescribed) According to researchers from the University of North Carolina, physicians who treat discern pain rely on medications far too often to the indicate of excluding other treatment options, which whitethorn be more effective and displace less risk of addiction. Prescription Painkillers May Be Over Prescribed) Andrews 3 Another highly abused medicine is CNS Depressants such as, alprazolam and Valium (Drug Addiction-Prescription). These medications are typically prescribed to treat anxiety and pile disorders (Prescription Drug Abuse). Depressants, for many, are a route out of reality which allows them to shorten the ability to feel emotional pain or discomfort. Sometimes the way out feeling leads to addiction. Research continues to show that alcohol is the most abused substance.The National Survey on Drug Use and Health released that 22% of the American population binge drink and that over 16 one million million million people are heavy drinkers (Catton). Two reasons to support this fact are availability and being legal to buy. Alcohol is woven into many activities in life, and it becomes difficult to recognize when drinking has crossed the line into addiction. Alcoholics have a difficult time setting limits on the amount consumed (Smith, Robinson & Segal). Many people experiment with drugs and alcohol with only a small percent becoming hook. Why do some succumb and others do not?The Genetics erudition Learning Center states that it is becoming increasingly make pass that genetic factors play an important role in the addiction help (Genetics comprehension Learning Center). There is not one gene that determines addiction it is influenced by denary genes as well as environmental risks. These genes and environmental factors can either add up or cancel each other out. A persons genetic makeup does not ne cessarily doom them to become an addict. (Genetics Science Learning Center) Andrews 4 environment is also a major factor in addiction (Genetics Science Learning Center).Just because a genetic map says someone is given over to addiction does not mean that it will happen, it just means that those people need to be more careful than others. Treatment plans have been in place almost as long as addiction has been a problem. There are several different treatment centers that provide multiple care plans. Through the years treatment plans have drastically changed, most defiantly for the better. History has shown that past treatments for addiction has been imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, and church-guided prayer. Of course, those methods were generally ineffective. Genetics Science Learning Center) Current methods are more based on the spirit that addiction is a disease that has many more factors than just a need to get high. Modern treatments involve a conspiracy of drug and behavi oral therapy, resulting in a much higher mastery rate. (Genetics Science Learning Center) Society tends to arbiter drug addiction sufferers as morally weak or may see them as if they have criminal intent. Many people do not understand that go symptoms of addiction are treatable, the disease itself is incurable. Luxury drug rehab) Many addiction sufferers will die from their disease, but those who seek help from a treatment center can treat their condition and live a satisfying life (Luxury drug rehab). Andrews 5 Truth is people who are addicted come in all shapes and sizes. It is not just the crack addict in the alley in a bad part of town. They are also the successful business men who wear business suits and successfully function in the corporate world. Addiction sufferers can also be the people who dispense and prescribe narcotics, or the stay at bag parents that drive the kids to school and to ball practice every day.They could also be the elderly neighbor or maybe even a te acher (Winkel). Because there are many beliefs and stereotypes about drug addiction that are simply not true, those who suffer from addiction find it difficult to occupy for help or even admit they have a problem. Addiction stereotyping is a hard habit to break but doctors and therapists try to treat addiction as the disease it is. One of the first steps in breaking the stereotype is to stop using the words habit, fix, and abuser that honor the stigma with negative connotations (Salsitz). Everyone is worthy of treatment and help.If people were more cognisant of the problems of drug addiction and how easily it could happen to anyone, he or she may be more likely to see an addicted person as someone who is worthy of help and respect. The more harshly people judge those who suffer from addiction and continue to make them feel as if they do not deserve treatment the less likely they will be to get help or even trust someone plentiful to confide in them about their problems. It is ne ver a good nous to generalize people and their behavior. Many who are addicted to substances can range past their addictions and go on to lead productive lives.

Ethical Considerations Reflection Paper Essay

Teachers moldiness(prenominal) take into consideration the civilize policies and the code of conduct that is appropriate in the educational add place. These policies and codes change the ethical thinking of teachers and how they must act towards their co-workers, parents, and students. It focuses on what is considered as full decisions and the correct actions as well as the deterrent example responsibility teachers must uphold. However, the opinion of the public is also a contributing factor to what is considered as acceptable/unacceptable conduct for teachers both in and out of the work place. So what is primary ethical motive? What are the primary ethical considerations for teachers in a K-8 educational setting? One definition for primary ethics is a branch of philosophy (a theory or system of moral values) that examines ethical concepts and issues within a profession (Primary Ethics Ltd, 2013). Every instill sets a standard or code of ethics that every teacher must adhere t o and use as a guide which stack help teachers perform effectively while setting an example for their students. Teachers must acquire the ability to support the goals and mission under the code of ethics.This marrow acknowledging a commitment to the students, the profession, and to the community. The Oklahoma Department of Education (the state in which I live in) requires a standard for performance and conduct for teachers. The commit lists three main principles for teachers to follow which include a commitment to students, the profession, and to the provision of the Teacher Due Process Act of 1990 (The State of Oklahoma, 2013). The first twain principles of the ODE correspond with the National Education Association principles from the code of ethics. Both carry on a commitment to the students and to the profession. The primary ethics that K-8 teachers should consider is to serve the ask of all students by providing an educational environment that will promote the interests, kindly growth, and learning of the students as well as promote academic integrity, jimmy for others and the accountability for their actions.

Culture and cultural objects Essay

refining and ethnic objects influence e very aspect of our daily lives. In fact, cultures faeces be understood as systems of symbols and meanings t don even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that atomic number 18 constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with ace another. (Vaughn and Rotney, 2006) A very great aspect of our cultural lives lies within music, literature, sculpture and other arts, traditions, cinema, and theater.UNESCO (2002) exposit culture as set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of federation or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, slipway of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. This leads us to conclusion that culture, in its ultimate mental strain, is a set of theoretical and physical objects which symbolize and thus influence satisfying aspect of our daily lives. I have long thought just about what these objects mig ht be in the joined States of America.As we ar a very diverse society and pretty much a thawing pot of other nations, there was a wide variety of cultural objects from comic strips to hip hop music that came to my mind. How perpetu every last(predicate)y, I have elect the cinema of the fall in States as the topic of my paper. Inmy opinion, our cinema has not b arly a local but also a global cultural extend to which give the gate not be ignored. I will enquiry the level of cinema in the linked States and provide specific knowledge in reference to that industry and some of the people who do it a cultural phenomenom in the united States and homowide. The focus will be on the puzzle out of Walt Disney.History of Ameri fecal matter Cinema American take upmakers have a huge domestic and international audience. As a matter of fact, the join States of America are considered to be a choose-making superpower along with a very few other countries worldwide. The main segments in film-making history in United States embroil the silent film era, the Classical Hollywood era, and the unfermented Hollywood era. In the United States first films were make in late York City, which very fast veritable into a movie production center. However, payable to relatively high expanses associated with that geographical area, many movie producers began moving west. ascribable to the fact that sunlight was available almost all year, many of them chose Soutern calcium as their final destination. During this period movie production peaked and the American public could view the first movies by ways of traveling theaters and storefornt teaters. wholly later was the concept of a commercial movie theater as we know it today developed. The first movies were basically low quality controls with no sound, as the sound was not introduced to the motion picture business until the 1920s. In the 1920s began the golden age of motion picture.This is a period of quantify when movie prod uction peaked and when some of the most renowned movies ever have been shot. This happened especially during World War II. Motion Picture studios of that eon began creating jingoistic movies which had a bonding effect on Americans. This was very usefull during those hazardous and challenging times. One such(prenominal) movie is the now famous picture Sargeant York which presents a typical american farm boy who is called to service and wherefore becomes a war hero. The positive conclusions of these movies unexpended the audiances in good mood, liking for more of the same.At the same time, these movies formed a culture which determine itself with the main characters of the particular movie by believing in the patriotic message that they sent. Following World War II many proficient developments ensured that the quality and sound of the motion picture became epoch-makingly better. The fact that the United States became a global power with military and civilians stationed all over the world also helped with exporting and introducing into rude(a) cultures some of the movie products which were produced.Very fast, the United States began developing into an entertainment superpower. American movies and music were sought after all over the world. Over the next few decades we would see movies which had huge violation on culture in United States and elsewhere. Characters such as toilette Wayne and music stars like Elvis Presley became famous and idolized mainly because of how they were pictured in the motion picture. Perhaps one of the best known practice sessions is the star topology Wars collection of movies. These films are considered to have set the largest cultural bench chequer in the film industry. lead Wars references are deeply embedded in popular culture references to the main characters and themes of Star Wars are casually made in American society with the assumption that others will understand the reference. (Brooker, 2002) Star Wars was one of the productions which entered lives of their fans on an unpresedented scale and in unpresedented ways. It went as far as becoming a religion to some fans in the United Kingdom. In addition to Star Wars and similar movies, people like Walt Disney have created characters and whole industries which affect our culture on a daily basis.Recent history and current developments in the American film industry continue to reinforce the fact that this is one of the most influental industries in respect to the development and expension of American culture. Going to the theater with the whole family still remains one of the most popular activities and a variety of productions ranging from comedies to drama and action movies are available. This implies that this form of entertainment will continue to grow and prosper in United States. But, who are the people who made all this possible and how do they mobilise? The famous and and their effect on cultureOne of the most famous people in the enter tainment world is Walt Disney. Many kids know the name calling of his characters long before they learn the names of their extended family members. Walt Disney was born to Elias Disney an Irish-Canadian, and his mother, botany Call Disney, who was of German-American descent. His father locomote to the United States from Canada after his parents failed at farming there. (Thomas, 1976) He began his career in Kansas City as an commutative cartoonist. Following a passably successful start he moved to Hollywood where he and his brother opened up a studio and began producing motion pictures. near of his work from that era includes Alice Comedies and Mickey Mouse. During his career he received multiple Academy Awards as a recognition for his work and dedication. Walt Disney and his work are one of the prime examples of how film (in this case cartoons) can have cultural impact on a domestic as hale as international level. The geniality behind Disneys characters has made them popular a ll over the world. Even during the hights of cold war, when any gather with the West was forbidden, the children and self-aggrandizing ups in the eastern countries such as Russia knew and enjoyed Walt Disneys work.The popularity of Disneys products and characters was instantaneous and unmistakable, not further in the U. S. but in other countries. Because of the international distribution of Disney films and the merchandising efforts that accompanied them, the Disney Company developed a reputation that was magnified far beyond the relatively fine companys resources. And that reputation has continued. (Wasko, 2000) Thanks to motion picture, Disney Company has grown and developed into a giant that operates in several industries including theme parks, hotels, travel, film productions, and TV.Even today, many days after his death, we can see the impacts of his work. literally everybody know about Mickey Mouse and other of his characters and it is very putting green that todays gr and parents have enjoyed the same cartoons when they were children as their grandchildren today. This is the extremity of cultural impact and legacy that people like Walt Disney have left us through filmmaking. This is visible through his companies success. As of 2007, the company has yearbook revenue of over U. S. $35 billion. (Walt Disney Company, 2008)The ability to tellingly tell stories is one of the most crucial gifts that a film producer has to have. Depending what kind of film is being produced, the message can be different. This is why it becomes increasingly meaning(a) to understand what this message and convey through picture to the public. This is equally important to success of comedies such as Shreck or to success of more respectable movies portraying accurate historical facts. In addition to being an effective story teller, technology plays a huge role in todays movies. We can see plane crashes, car accidents, war scenes, as well as animated movies which appear extremely real.This is largely possible due to significant advances which were achieved in computer technology and robotics. Many of these innovations can be seen and reviewed in various theme parks and movie studios. In recent years a new form of film has been breaking through and that fairly successfully. Movies such as Shreck, Cars, and other animated features are setting new standards. Relevant data show that the annual output value of support products and their derivative products in the United States, the largest exporter of entertainment products in the world at present, has amounted to over US$5 billion. (Fang, 2008) However, not only new movies are popular. Thanks to animation, we have seen the rebirth of old classics in ways that are hard to believe. Conclusion Film making industry in the United States of America has left a lasting cultural impact, not only on the United States but also on the rest of the world. As a main exporter of entertainment we have created a cutur e that feeds and grows on comminuted made movies of all genres as well as traditional cartoons such as those of Walt Disney.As a matter of fact, people with visions, such as Walt Disney, have created a cultural revolution in the United States and worldwide. Children and grown ups across the world are familiar with American characters such as Mickey Mouse to the point that they have adopted this amerian icon as their own. The characters of these movies are having huge impacts on other industruies as well. It is a well known fact that once apopular movie such as for example Spiderman comes out, T-shirts, shoes, lunch boxes, bysicles, and other items with character imprints will follow in lay to profit from the popularity of the movie characters.This also indiactes that film has as much impact on our overall economy as it had on our culture. Todays trends are indicating tha this will continue. We hear almost on a monthly basis about new blockbusters which bring in hundreds of million s of dollars in the offices. some other indirect impact that the movie-making industry has on us is through the actors. Some of the actors are extremely popular and many people lkisten tow hat they have to say in reference to current politics and all other issues worldwide.This has created a very powerfull tool for the film industry as the owners and actors can have significant effect on public opinion. This has been exhibit very recently in San Francisco, California during the demonstrations against the Chinese human rights violations in Tibet. The famous actor Rishard Gere was one of the initiators of the very successful protests. Other examples include many actors such as Arnold Swarzeneger who entered public service after Hollywood and became quite succesful, largely thanks to their fame.One could easily say that by being part of the film-making industry in United States, one becomes a part of the most powerful propaganda machine in the world. References Findley, Carther Vaugh n and John black lovage Rothney (2006). Twentieth-century World. Sixth edition, p. 14. UNESCO. 2002. Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Information retrieved on April, twenty-fifth 2008 from http//portal. unesco. org/ Brooker, Will (2002). Using the Force Creativity, Community, and Star Wars Fans, Continuum International issue Group Wasko, Jean (2000).How Mickey Converged on America. Information retrieved on April, 25th 2008 from http//flash. uoregon. edu/W00/mickey. html Thomas, Bob (1976,1994). Walt Disney An American Original. New York Hyperion Walt Disney Company (2008). Financial Information. Walt Disney embodied Website. Information retrieved on April 25th, 2008 from http//corporate. disney. go. com Ai Fang and Wang Xiao (2008). China making breakthrough advances in animation industry. Information retrieved from China Economic Net Website http//en. ce. cn/Insight/200804/17/t20080417_15183331. shtml

Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong

Contemporary touristry Issues disposal issue TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is a blasted enter where possesses prosperity and closely of the elements of being a world family cosmopolitan which has victorfully attracted visitors over years, especially from the mainland by emphasising our world-class shopping, eat and other urban attractions (Lam, H. , 2004).Despite the flourishing scene of the tourerry pains, the volatile tourist markets and growing competition from Southeast Asian countries and neighbouring destinations have posed b ar-assborn challenges to Hong Kongs tourism industry. In order to strengthen Hong Kongs plant as a preferable Asian tourist destination, in late years, Hong Kong establishment has started paying more attentions to sustainable tourism collect to the rising environmental consciousness worldwide and tourists growing interests in the new forms of tourism, namely Eco-tourism and Cultural tourism.Projects and campaigns, such as the ontogenesis of Hong Kong Wetland position, the launch of Cultural Kaleidoscope and temper Kaleidoscope experience programmes, and publishing tour guidebooks- Discover Hong Kong Nature and Discover Hong Kong by Rail were introduced to promote green tourism and cultural tourism (GovHK, 2009). These furtherance schemes have been launched with the aim to sustain the tourism industry by diversifying the tourism products to cater to the changing and diverse needs of inbound tourist market.Despite the growing is on track of continued growth which has aroused tourists interests to look at the other sides of Hong Kong, many issues ar needed to take into consideration due to the complex nature of sustainable tourism and the large number of stakeholders problematical in. There is criticism from public that throughout these schemes, little attention has been paying(a) to develop the tourism as a whole and a genuinely sustainable genius since the schemes ar still carried out in a loose manner without a thorough insurance policy. The most significant issues are environmental ustainability and cultural sustainability due to the most recent focus of governance on these issues and their importance to the sustainable increase. Environmental Sustainability Country parks and nature reserves make up 40 percent of Hong Kongs total land area of some 1,100 square kilometres (Ling, 2007). Regarding the relative ample resources and the initial success of Wetland Parks, Hong Kong government recognized the green potential in Hong Kong tourism and has crisply proposed numbers racket of Green initiatives recently, such as the Lantau North Country Park and Marine Park, Geoparks as salutary as cycle tracks and mountain bike trails.However, regarding these proposed projects, inadequate business organisations have been given to the carrying capacity of these infixed resources as well as the cost of constru ction. It is found that the conservational practices are not carried out in a strict manner as a case in Kam Tin Wetland and Hoi Ha Wan marine reserve, which are two long-familiar ecological attractions in Hong Kong, were reported in suffering wastage problems (Cheung, 2006).Another typical modeling is a member of Advisory Council on the Environment opposed to the scheme of Lantau North Country Park concerning the development of transport linkage of tung tree Chung Road would damage the ecology of the areas. It aroused conservationists concern that governments overemphasis on bringing in the tourist dollars will keep tourist agencies and residents focused on generating large-scale projects alone putting little concern on qualification low-impact sustainable tourism (Crets, 2006).From the projects being carried out or proposed, it shows governments interests on large scale investment but not much effort and aid given to the details, such as the carrying capacity of the ecologica l resources. It implies government emphasized on the profit making and missed of a whole-heartedly attitudes towards sustainable tourism. There is no doubt that green tourism has a large potential to become one of the major tourism sectors in Hong Kong with its educational and sustainable meaning as well as the economic benefits resulted from the rising awareness of this market.However, sustainability should not put mainly on the economic side since sustainability of tourist attractions, i. e. , the ecological sites and the hereditary pattern, is the core rate of sustainable tourism. Although the government claimed that it has been keen on promoting green tourism in northeasterly New Territories and outlying islands having regard to the principles of nature conservation and sustainable development. (GovHK, 2009), it is pro batchal that, regarding its policy on green tourism, whether Hong Kong government has a clear and undefiled vision for aggregative tourism that will incor porate the natural environment. touristry should be regarded as a tool for ecological and heritage deliverance but not the other way round, otherwise there is no square(a) meaning of sustainable tourism. Apparently, there is still much manner for improvement regarding the policy as more concern and control should be placed over the environmental sustainability so as not to subvert the economic sustainability on the environmental sustainability.The success of green tourism is for the most part dependent on effectiveness of government on planning and precaution to minimize the impact to environment and the effective distribution of ecological resources. i of the measures suggested to the government is to have strict control on the environmental conservations kinda of focusing on constructing more attractions and promoting the markets. The carrying capacity of the green attractions should be conservatively studied and controlled by imposing strict regulations on the visitor numbers and their behaviours.Besides, due to the rising demand, eco-guides demand is stretching, thus setting legal standards for eco-guides as well as providing training for nurturing the expertise are in urgent needs to cope with the stretched demand as well as to take aim the appropriate behaviours in the ecologist attractions (Chong, 2007). Cultural Sustainability Due to the diversification in Hong Kongs finis which is positioned as East-meet-West, Hong Kong has been recently facing the demands of constructing an identity reflected in choices approximately what heritage to conserve and how to present it (Henderson, 2002).With the current trend of globalization and mass movement of people, issues of cultural identity and cultural preservation continue to be explored. Recently, Hong Kong has been keen on developing attractions to enhance Hong Kongs cultural visualise, one of the fine examples is the proposed cultural venues, the West Kowloon Cultural District. Besides buildin g new cultural venues, preserving and promoting Hong Kongs tangible and intangible heritage are accounted as other measures to showcase Hong Kongs mixed culture.Examples like preservation and development of the former Marine Police Headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui into a tourism facility by the private sector, 1881 Heritage, and HKTBs promotion of tralatitious Chinese customs and festivals such as the Tin Hau fiesta line of battle in Yuen Long and Cha Kwo Ling, Tam Kung Festival in Shaukeiwan, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival and the Birthday of Lord Buddha celebrations at Po Lin Monastery. Despite these efforts, several problems are found regarding Hong Kongs culture and heritage sustainability policy.It is found that Hong Kong has been relatively retard in developing its potential heritage sites into tourist attractions, as seen in the controversy over the fate of Tiger Balm Garden and the central Police Station. According to Chu and Uebegang (2002), the sluggish and passive respons e of government reflects the insufficiency of political will due to a lack of understanding of the principles of heritage and its potential. The Government believes heritage conservation should be driven by tourism and economics and not treated in the same way as other social and education services.Even with the setting up of Heritage Tourism Task Force which is established in 1998, there have been very few recommendations proposed by the task force. Some critics have blamed on its lack of leadership and lack of influence in the government bureaucratism (Chu and Uebegang, 2002). Other problems implied in the policy of government are lack of a broad-based, long-term conservation policy, lack of a clear priorities and inadequate co-ordination of government departments pretendd in present heritage conservation practice.Besides, in most cultural heritage development, public involvement in decision-making is absent. Regarding these problem, it is essential for government to change its attitude and strike for a more holistic vision and policy towards the cultural heritage conservation. It is due to the challenge faced by Hong Kong that it has long promoted its culture as an exciting fusion of East-meet-West and traditional-meet-contemporary, which may arrange it falling in a danger of overemphasizing on international bolt attractions and a loss of actual distinctiveness.Development may follow a putting surface path to create uniform of tourism features which convey similar run across to the tourists. Therefore, the cultural and heritage conservations are essential in the tourism development as it helps to maintain a unique sense of place and discrepancy as intrinsic merit to secure its competitive advantages and reposition the image besides an international metropolitan with the colonial history. Apart from these problems of fragmented policy and vision, the management issue of the cultural heritage has been another concern by the conservationist and research ers.Since the cultural and heritage tourism requires a cautious get along with sensitivity, research, and conjunction involvement due to its core value is to convey the value to and engage present generations without betraying the spirit of the previous generations experiences. It is important and beneficial to involve the participation of those people and groups who are most closely related to the moment of the heritage area. Without this, it is difficult to light upon substantive conservation. In Hong Kong, there is lack of cooperation with and involvement of the local anesthetics or the significant cultural group.It is, therefore, suggested to involve the local fellowship at the planning and operation level which can enhance the sustainability of the projects as well as prevent the problem of being too tap which affecting the authenticity and integrity of the heritage. Referring to the need of involvement of local community, received level of empowerment is essential which can be regarded as community based tourism. It broadly described as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. It requires tourism activities to be chiefly developed and operated by members of the local community and that revenues from tourism remain within the local community. Respect for local culture, heritage and traditions is imperative. CBT teaches the visitor to behave responsibly and respectfully towards nature and native culture, and offers activities that give the visitor an understanding and apprehension of the area without degrading it. Most importantly of all, it can reserve the sustainable resources and reduce the impacts to the community daily life at the minimum level.Conclusion Tourism is most ideally suited to adopt sustainability as a directional philosophy in sustainable developmemnt (McKercher, 2003). However, mismanaging sustainable tourism will subprogram it into a curse as it will dama ge the ecological and heritage attractions in more direct ship canal. According to McKercher (2003), sustainable tourism is strengthened around four pillars of tourism, namely economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability and local sustainability, all these four elements must be addressed if we are to achieve sustainable tourism.It is found that recently Hong Kong government is striking for sustainable tourism, however, there is a lack of broad view and holistic policy to support the efforts. Unregulated short-term initiatives which serve the narrow interests of powerful forces in the industry may jeopardize the sustainability and longer-term tourism potential of many communities upon which majority interests are based (Brohman, 1996). It is therefore important for government to be aware of the time to come planning must be holistic, strategic and long-term.Laws, procedures and systems for planning, preservation, development and management should be ad justed or created to ensure that the development of the project is undertaken in ways that are consistent with the principles of sustainability. Besides, all these should be applied to a culture of caring for the environment, therefore the concepts of preservation and sustainable development should be fostered and advance within the government and the community so as to ensure the true and holistic meaning of sustainable tourism.

Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo Essay

Both novels, the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and the El Filibusterismo, (The Filibuster) inspired by the patriotic ideals of home(a) hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, depict the abuses suffered by the native indios at the hands of Spanish tyrants. The Noli paints us an ugly, yet clear picture of the so-c all in alled social cancer that deteriorates the society. The depression of those two masterfully-crafted works, the Noli lays the most liberal, realistic and fearless view of the countrys well-being during the 300-year Spanish regime.It illustrates the rotten system of governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable trade of the privilege form. The Noli also relates how the government, the church and the privilege class worldipulate the people. The government deprives the youth of education and how they use the peoples ignorance to their advantage. The treacherous friars by means of God and faith controlled the people, making them dummies of all sorts. On the other hand, the privilege class used their elite spatial relation to get ahead of everybody, by hook or by arch employing the me first attitude.In the Noli, the weak and disposed seemingly lose hold resulting to unfortunate deaths (as the case Pilisopo Tasyo) and sometimes insanity. (as the case of Sisa) Hence the oppressed form a brotherhood that hopes to liberate the country by use of force. To no avail, due to disorganization and lack of arms, each and every attempt at resistance failed. In Noli, the character of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra was introduced, an intelligent and promising young man who has high hopes of changing the course of the country.

Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course

Managers over the years yearn for the best carriageial style in that location is in accordance with the kind of giveership that administration necessitate with. A motorbusial style needfully to examine the knead of other master(prenominal) vari adapteds (ward philosophy, leadership style, intra- and inter-professional plumping, staffing levels and skill mix) which could have been as important as the nursing system in affecting per peeance.Continuity of disquiet, responsibility and accountability are among the virtues needful for every leader so as to curb a strong disposition in a crowd and at the same time create a harmonious relationship with the lie in of the members. As for this case, the placements goal is toward productivitytherefore the group postulate a foundation of values and task descriptions that leave f entirely out the members in prepareed on the tasks at hand (Meredith & Jr. , 2008).Directive autocratic form of leadership would be most leave. In esse nce, the leader should be intellectually equipped and experience-ready since nursing programs are typically run by means of a set of standards. The very fact that such kinds of practitioners are dealing with wellness, or most importantly the lives of their patients, it is only provided fitting for the leader to be composed, systematic and organized especially when it comes to delegation and on put togethering deadlines or time-frames. AnalysisFor example, as for instances wherein the organization is one point or a nonher required to rub down with a partnership, the leader should anticipate possible discrepancies in ground of production so as to preempt the occurrence of one or, at the least, al nap enough time for the partnership to address or to be fitting to resolve the impending crisis as soon as possible. intimate problems idler be resolved through the early exposition of predicted problems thereby creating enough time between the occurrence of the predicted problem and the current timeframe.This slam of time should be used in order to formulate sets of solutions as early as time permits. , when the partnership is faced with drawbacks from either sides, it should be the case that both should not leave-out the other party and, instead, provide impregnable assistance in order to uplift the business relationship and change magnitude the impact of the problem to both organizations concerned. Conclusion As a function of fact, managers discount empower others through a variety of ways.These ways embarrass granting subordinates with technical skills acquired through skills-enhancing tasks or through educational discussion, or by delegating to the employees special or non-conventional aptitude or competence by involving these people on duties that are beyond their working status quo. Managers can as well empower not only their subordinates or employees but also those who belong to the higher or superior ranks.Supervisors or office executives can be further empowered by the manager by providing life-sustaining insights and ideas that are fresh and go beyond the usual habit of unstained task accomplishment. Those in the upper positions can obtain empowerment when the manager exposes these individuals to the recent developments within the firm or company either through status reports or through corporate discussions, thereby providing them new randomness that grants them the capacity to craft new business policies.Discussion Forum for treat Leadership CourseA nurse managers single-valued function is one of leadership. A person would therefore require excellent communication skills with people of all ages, genders and races. The nurse manger role requires a lot of responsibility and one must be able to accept this contest and all the duties and responsibilities that are allocated with this skilled and professional line of work. Your nurse manager role would be to oversee that all duties and work responsibilities in a partic ular unit are done in accordance with the organizations vision and mission statement.As a nurse manager, you must be a reliable person, the organization would require that you live up to their needs and expectations and portray that for which they stand. Nurse Managers roles also involve the edifice of team leadership. Nurses within a particular unit should be able to work well together as a team and form a uniform whole this will ensure the success of a nursing unit. In the given situation, the nurse manager should be able to resolve the problem wherein she will not be put into a situation that will affect on her credibility as a professional.Whoever is under her authority, may it be a family or a friend, there is no excuse to disregarding her responsibilities as manager. The success of her leadership will depend on how she will handle the circumstances that comes her way. Within a position of authority, one should live and represent the organization for what it stands this accep ts the ethics it follows and figure of service it offers. Communication is a key tool that health flush professionals must use to elicit cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services.Communication among health professionals can increase awareness of a health issue, problem, or solution affect attitudes to create support for individual or corporate action demonstrate or illustrate skills increase demand for health services inform or reinforce knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. Healthcare institutions include many interacting groups staff with staff, staff with patients, and staff with families and visitors, staff with physicians etc.These interactions frequently lead to conflict. In which the manager is faced on with the complaints against Marys public presentation in their unit. Conflict is defined as an acknowledged struggle from differences in ideas, values, actions or feelings resulting in increased stress levels between two groups or two people. Usual ly, conflict is handled in one of five ways reflecting differing degrees of aggressive, assertive, or passive, and cooperative or competitive behavior.There are a lot of strategies to orgasm conflicts. In the case of Mary, the manager should employ the Collaboration approach which implies a mutual attention to the problem that utilizes the talents of all parties. In collaboration, the focus is on solving the problem, not defeating the opponent the goal is to satisfy both parties concerns. It is appropriate for the manager to bring clashing groups together to mediate.Before coming together for mediation, everyone in the groups needs to agree on the following to get together to work on problems that there are problems that can be solved that all individuals have some responsibility for working toward solving the problems that they are not expected to like one another at the conclusion but to understand one another better and be able to work together that they are not expected to plac e blame on someone for the problem, but are expected to consider differences and come to a consensus about solutions(Hartley.2007).Coaching is an effective way to help staff identify and meet professional goals. The goal of nurse manager coaching is to make nurses amenable for their actions and redirect any resistance by determining goals, purpose, and vision (Powell, 2001). In this manner, Mary will realize that there is a problem that needs attention. And this way, too, everyone will be able to meet common goals and be undefeated in their endeavors.ReferencesThe Healthcare performance Institute. (2006). Nurse Manager Role. Retrieved establish 9, 2009, from http//www.healthcareperformanceinstitute.com/nurse-manager-role.jsp guinea pig Center of Continuing Educatuion, Inc. (2009). Communication Strategies. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http//www.nursece.com/onlinecourses/3453.htmlCEUFast.com. (2007). Conflict Management. (2007). Retrieve March 9, 2009, from http//www.ceufast.com/ courses/viewcourse.asp?id=91Nurse.com. (2001). The Nurse Manager as Coach. (2001, July 2). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http//include.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article? promote=2001107020368