Impacts of Dehydration on the Body

Impacts of Dehydration on the BodyHelen McHughWhy is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance a danger?Dehydration is described as an excessive loss of weewee from body tissues (Mosby Elsevier, 2009) and it in like manner affects an imbalance of electrolytes in the body. It suffer be genuinely dangerous and even plopal as most of the physiological systems in the body be dependent on water levels and the changes in concentrations of the electrolytes lead disturb almost every vital function of the body. (Martini Nath, 2009)How have the functions of the grate been impaired?The bodys first line of defence has been breached, allowing pathogens and bacterium to penetrate the body as well as impairing its ability to settle temperature, synthesis Vitamin D and loss of some senses i.e. touch, bosom.How lead the body chastise and repair the areas that have been hit the rooft?This will happen in terzetto stages, Inflammation, Reconstruction and Maturation.Inflammation this stage t akes approximately 3 days and happens now the affront pass offs. The inflammation acquires an increased kindred flow to surrounding tissues which produces erythema, swelling, fondness and discomfort. As a defence reply, different types of white line of merchandise cells called polymorphonuclear leucocytes contract at the wound and are involved in the immune response to squeeze infection.Reconstruction This stage apprize take from between 2 24 days and is a time of prettying and temporary reliever of tissue. Polymorphs kill the bacteria and phagocytic macrophages digest the dead bacteria and clean the wound. Epidermal cells start to activate, new ancestry capillaries are developed and granulation tissue tissue is laid down. Epithelial cells melt over the granulation from the edges of the wound. When the wound is covered the epithelium thickens to 4-5 layers, forming the epidermis. The wound would thusly start to contract cut down in size.Maturation This stage pro voke take between 24 days to 1 year. This is the remodeling stage where collagen cells are reorganized and strengthened. The wound is pipe down at risk during this stage and protection is necessary. (Koutoukidis, et al., 2013)What could impede the body from successfully achieving this? Think of internal and external promoters when you answer this.Intrinsic- (Internal)Health Status Illnesses/Conditions/Diseases can affect better, i.e. anaemia, immune disorders, cancer, diabetes.Age Older people take hourlong to heal due to slower metabolism, thinner jumble and less snapshot of skin.Bodybuild Both Obese and Thin people can have different issues related to healingLifestyle factors Smoking, Alcohol can have contraindications to healingNutritional statusExtrinsic (External)Mechanical stressDebris scabs, necrotic tissue, and excess slough can all impair epithelial migration and proviso of nutrient. Also prolongs inflammatory stage.Temperature Extremes can cause tissue damage evaporation or maceration Both dryness and excess moisture can slow healingInfection Bacteria slows wound healing chemical stress(Lumsden, 2014)Mary undergoes debridement of the burns. What does this mean?Debridement is the first step in cleansing. It is to carry dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue and cellular debris from wound/burn which promotes healing and helps prevent infection.(Mosby Elsevier, 2009)The burns were subsequently grafted with a split skin graft. What layers of the skin are used for this graft?A split onerousness skin graft is a tissue transplant using both(prenominal) the epidermis and part of the dermis layer.(Mosby Elsevier, 2009)3.1Admission FormAcute painfulness Observation mapObservation chartFluid Balance ChartMedication ChartNeurovascular ChartIntravenous Drug Chart caveat PlanProgress Notes4.2Define Hypertension and hardening of the arteriesHypertension altitude riptide pressure consistently over 140/90Arteriosclerosis A thickening/ calcifi cation of arterial walls and loss of elasticity in arterial walls. The result of this is reduced line of work supply.(Mosby Elsevier, 2009)How are they ofttimes related? high gear blood pressure (hypertension) can cause a build up of the muscular and elastic tissues of the arterial walls hypertensive arteriosclerosis(Mosby Elsevier, 2009)Why is hypertension called the Silent killerHypertension is called the silent killer because it can often be asymptomatic, i.e. no symptoms are apparent. There is no single cause but there are possible risk factors.(Mosby Elsevier, 2009)Name trey changes in your lifestyle that whitethorn help prevent cardiovascular malady in old age.Do not smoke, Eat healthy and model more.Undesirable clot formation can occur as a result of endothelial damage due to arteriosclerosis. How does the body form inapplicable clots within intact blood vessels?If the endothelium of a blood vessel is pebbly it can encourage clinging of platelets which can be a risk factor for blood clotting (Thrombus)The legs are particularly prone to the formation of blood clots and can be caused by blood pooling in the legs or lento flowing blood especially in immobilized patients.(Marieb, 2003)5.2At handover you are told a patient is cyanotic. What would you judge to observe? Define tissue hypoxia. Three conditions where this could occur.Cyanosis presents as a bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by not enough group O in the blood and excess of deoxygenated blood.I would expect to see a bluish colour on the skin of the patient, by chance on lips, nailbeds, tip of the nose, external ear and underside of the tongue.Three conditions where this could occur areAsthmaEmphysemaHeart failure5.3 Describe the contravention between tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation.An endotracheal intubation is a flexible cuffed tube inserted via the lip or nostril through the larynx into the trachea, whereas a tracheostomy is a surgical creation of an external opening into the trachea.(Koutoukidis, et al., 2013)5.4 Why will a patient who is anaemic complain of shortness of breath?Being anaemic means that you do not have enough red blood cells in your body. The red bolos cells carry oxygen around the body and ask carbon dioxide. Fewer less red blood cells equals less oxygen which equals shortness of breath.(Koutoukidis, et al., 2013)5.5. What type of allergic reaction is suspected?Anaphylaxis is suspected. This condition may be fatal.Why has this caused problems with his breathing?The upper respiratory tract is often involved with nasal congestion or sneezing and tightness in the throat may occur with significant airway obstruction. The patient can have bronchospasm or upper airway swelling(S Shahzad Mustafa, 2013)6.1 Sever appendicitis, what would be result if left untreated?The appendix can perforate spilling the table of contents into the abdominal cavity causing peritonitis.(Koutoukidis, et al., 2013)6.2 Why does a lack of eccentric in the diet encourage the formation of diverticula?Faeces usually move along the large bowel with gentle peristalsis however when there is insufficient fibre in the diet the faeces may generate dry and is more difficult to move along with peristalsis. The intestinal muscles then have to perform strong contractions and generate high pressure. This high pressure may cause bulging pouches in the intestinal mucosa and these are called diverticula.(Murtagh, 1995)6.3 condone why obstruction in the common bile transmission channel causes interference with the digestion of some foods?An Obstruction would prevent bile from entering the pocket-sized gut. The bile is needed to aid digestion and is needed to breakdown large fat globules into small ones. When the food is not digesting properly bile can underpin up into the gallbladder. It then departs concentrated by removal of water and the cholesterin it contains may crystallize and form gallstones. Blockage of the common bile television channel can also stop bile entering the small intestine and backing up into the liver and bile salts and bile pigments will find to enter the bloodstream and as this circulates through the body the tissues will become yellow or jaundiced.(Marieb, 2003)6.4 What nurse observations of their skin, faeces and urine would support the diagnosing of an obstructed bile duct? Where would these observations be recorded?Bilirubin levels will increase in the blood and this can cause yellow, jaundiced skin, dark-skinned urine and pale coloured faeces. Itching of the skin may also occur.Recorded in progress notes, fluid balance and bowel chart and observation chart, care plan and urinalysis.(Marieb, 2003)8.2 Adrenaline affects the sympathetic nervous system. Explain the effect on blood pressure, pump beat, breathing and the liver.Blood Vessels Constricts blood vessels In viscera and skin, increases blood pressureHeart Increases rate and getLiver Causes glucose to be relea sed to blood.All of these effects are part of the fight or flight response. The body alters its normal state to one of optimum performance in order for us to take flight (run faster) the heart beat starts to pound, our breathing gets deeper, driving oxygen around the body and glucose is released into the blood stream to give us energy.(Marieb, 2003)9.1 Explain why someone who is haemorrhaging, i.e. has falling systemic blood pressure/volume will have a decreased urine output.When there is significant blood loss the blood pressure falls and the blood pressure in the renal artery will also fall. The body tries to raise the blood pressure by preventing further water and electrolyte loss. To do this the kidney secretes the hormone renin which stimulates other hormones to cause vasoconstriction (Marieb, 2003)ReferencesKoutoukidis, G., Stainton, K. Hughson, J., 2013. Tabbners nursing Care Theory and Practice. 6th ed. NSW Elsevier.Lumsden, S., 2014. Wound Management Class Notes. Adelai de s.n.Marieb, E., 2003. Essentials of human Anatomy and Physiology. 7th ed. San Francisco Pearson breeding Ltd.Martini, F. Nath, J. L., 2009. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 8th ed. San Francisco Pearson Education Inc.Mosby Elsevier, 2009. Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions. 8th ed. s.l.Mosby.Murtagh, J., 1995. Diverticular Disease. Online Available at http//www.nevdgp.org.au/information/murtagh/general/Diverticulardisease.htm Accessed 25th February 2014.S Shahzad Mustafa, M., 2013. Anaphylaxis Clinical Presentation. Online Available at http//emedicine.medscape.com/ expression/135065-clinical Accessed 25th February 2014.1